As far as third persons are concerned, an act is deemed to have been performed within the scope of the agent's authority if such is within the the terms of the power of attorney as written even if the agent has in fact exceeded the limits of his authority according to the understanding between the principal and the agent.

For treachery to be present, two conditions must concur, namely, (a) the employment of means of execution that gives the personnattacked no opportunity to defend himself or retaliate, and (b) the means of execution was deliberately or consciously adopted.

An action is a formal demand of one's legal rights in a court of justice in the manner prescribed by the court or by the law.  The determinative or operative fact which converts a claim into an "action or suit" is the filing of the same with a "court of justice".  Filed elsewhere, as with some other body or office not a court of justice, the claim may not be categorized under either term. 

To constitute abandonment, two elements must concur: (1) the failure to report for work or absence without valid or justifiable reason, and (2) a clear intention to sever the employer-employee relationship.  If the employee's aim is to secure the benefits due them from their employer, abandonment would surely be an illogical and impractical recourse, especially for simple laborers.

The question of the validity of an Administrative Order has become moot and academic where the administrative policy, the validity of which is sought to be justified by private parties, has already been abandoned by the very administrative agency which adopted it.