Registration is not the equivalent of title. Under the Torrens system, registration only gives validity to the transfer or creates a lien upon the land. It was not established as a means of acquiring title to private land because it merely confirms, but does not confer, ownership.

It is a fundamental rule of long standing that for treachery to be appreciated, that circumstance must be present at the inception of the attack, and if absent and the attack is continuous, treachery, even if present at a subsequent stage, is not to be considered. That the final fatal blows may have in truth been delivered under conditions exhibiting some features of treachery does not remedy the fact that the prosecution failed to prove the existence of treachery at the onset of the attack.

It is a long settled rule that for a writ of preliminary mandatory injunction to issue, the following requisites must be present: (1) that the complainant has a clear legal right; (2) that his right has been violated and the invasion is material and substantial; and (3) there is an urgent and permanent necessity for the writ to prevent serious damage.  Equally settled is that, as a rule, injunction will not be granted to take property out of the possession or control of one party and place it into that of another whose title has not clearly been established by law.

Misconduct is the  transgression of some established and definite rule of action, a forbidden act, a dereliction of duty, willful in character, and implies wrongful intent and not mere error of judgment. As a just cause for termination, the  misconduct  must  be serious, which implies that it must be of such grave and aggravated character and not merely trivial or unimportant.  On the other hand, disobedience, as a just cause for termination, must be willful or intentional.  Willfulness  is characterized by a wrongful and perverse mental attitude rendering the employee’s act inconsistent with proper subordination. Not every case of insubordination or willful disobedience by an employee of a lawful work-connected order of the employer is reasonably penalized with dismissal.

The right of subrogation has its roots in equity.  It is designed to promote and to accomplish justice and is the mode which equity adopts to compel the ultimate payment of a debt by one who in justice and good conscience ought to pay. It is not dependent upon, nor does it grow out of, any privity of contract or upon written assignment of claim.  It accrues simply upon payment by the insurance company of the insurance claim.